Cytomegalovirus enterocolitis presenting as abdominal compartment syndrome in a premature neonate.

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis is an uncommon intestinal disorder of newborns that is often initially misdiagnosed as necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS We treated a premature twin boy with CMV enterocolitis who presented with abdominal compartment syndrome requiring urgent decompression. All patients with neonatal CMV enterocolitis reported were reviewed. RESULTS Nine previously reported patients with neonatal CMV enterocolitis presented with abdominal distention and signs of sepsis. At the time of surgery, either perforation or stricture was identified. The current report is the first to present with clinical signs of abdominal compartment syndrome. CONCLUSION CMV is a rare cause of neonatal enterocolitis. Surgical intervention is required for bowel perforation, stricture, or abdominal compartment syndrome.